Republic Day is celebrated every year on January 26th. It commemorates the day in 1950 when the Constitution of India came into effect, officially making India a republic. This day is not about independence from British rule. That happened on August 15, 1947. Republic Day is about India deciding to govern itself through a constitution written by Indians, for Indians.
Republic Day: Why January 26th?
On January 26, 1930, the Indian National Congress declared Purna Swaraj (complete independence). When the Constitution was ready, this date was chosen to honour that resolution.
What does “Republic” Mean?
A republic is a form of government where the country is considered a “public matter” (res publica) rather than the private concern or property of the rulers. Key characteristics include a head of state who is an elected or appointed representative, not a hereditary King and supreme power residing with the citizens.
| A republic is a country where: + The head of state is elected, not hereditary. + Power comes from the people, not from a monarch. The law is above individuals. In India, the President of India is the head of state, elected indirectlyby the representatives of the people. |
The Constitution: The Heart of Republic Day
Republic Day, celebrated every year on January 26th, commemorates the momentous day in 1950 when the Constitution of India came into effect, replacing the Government of India Act of 1935 and establishing India as a sovereign, democratic republic. It symbolises the transition to self-governance, embodying the principles of justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity.
The Indian Constitution:
+ Is the world’s longest written constitution
+ Was drafted under the leadership of B. R. Ambedkar
Took 2 years, 11 months, and 18 days to complete
It outlines:
| + The structure of the government + Fundamental rights and duties + The powers and limitations of the state |
Republic Day is, at its core, a celebration of this document. Being patriotic doesn’t just mean waving the flag. It means obeying the law, respecting others, and contributing honestly to society.
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